The Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance: A Comprehensive Analysis from 1990 to 2021 with Forecasts to 2050

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health concern, impacting human health profoundly over the past decades.

From 1990 to 2021, AMR's effects varied across regions and age groups, with 4.71 million deaths linked to it in 2021.

Regional disparities in AMR's toll highlight nuanced challenges in combating resistant bacteria.

The rise in deaths from resistant pathogens like MRSA underscores the urgency of addressing this issue.

Conversely, the decrease in non-COVID-related infectious diseases in 2020 and 2021 signals a complex interplay of health priorities.

Projections for 2050 indicate a significant rise in AMR-related deaths, particularly affecting South Asia and Latin America.

The elderly are projected to bear the brunt of these consequences, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.

Enhancing healthcare quality and developing new antibiotics could prevent millions of deaths in the coming years.

Strategies such as infection prevention, antibiotic stewardship, research, and education are vital in mitigating AMR's impact.

Governments and organizations must implement policies promoting responsible antibiotic use to combat this growing threat effectively.

Vigilance and concerted efforts are crucial in safeguarding global health against the escalating challenge of bacterial antimicrobial resistance.